KSV Journal of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Welcome to the KSV Journal of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, a pioneering platform dedicated to the exploration and dissemination of cutting-edge research and insights in the field of pharmacy and health sciences. As a flagship initiative of K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (KBIPER), KSV Journal of Pharmacy and Health Sciences is committed to fostering academic excellence, promoting innovative research, and facilitating the exchange of knowledge among scholars, researchers, and practitioners worldwide. KSV Journal of Pharmacy and Health Sciences is half-yearly Open-access and peer-reviewed Journal circulated electronically to provide quality information on the latest updates on Pharmacy and Health Sciences.
K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BRANDED, GENERIC, AND BRANDED-GENERIC MEDICINES AVAILABLE THROUGH ONLINE PHARMACIES IN INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR METFORMIN
Diabetes mellitus is among the most common chronic diseases globally and contributes substantially to healthcare expenditure. Metformin remains one of the most widely prescribed first-line oral antidiabetic agents because of its effectiveness, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness. A pilot study design: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate price differences among Metformin 500 mg tablet formulations available through online pharmaceutical platforms. Study period for data collection was performed 15 to 30 MAY 2026. From available formulations a total of 30 marketed formulations of Metformin 500 mg and 500 mg SR/XR from different manufacturers were identified from online pharmaceutical platforms and included in the analysis. Compare to lowest price available cost per tablet with highest cost of medicine per tablet cost range from 200 to 237 % higher. Products approved by regulatory agency (CDSCO) is expected to meet predefined standards related to identity, purity, strength and manufacturing quality. The higher-priced products should not automatically be interpreted as possessing superior pharmaceutical quality or clinical effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shrikalp Deshpande* (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PATIENT HABITS, MEDICINE CHARACTERISTICS, AND DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS IN ORAL MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background Commonly, medicine is taken orally, butconsumers’ habit and our body have a significant impact and actually heavy influence especially posture and vehicle with which administered. Oral table or capsule can get affected by uncomfortable position and inappropriate vehicle. Objective To study patient habits, medicine characteristics, and demographic correlations in oral medication administration. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaire in which using 663 participants who were at least of age ≥18 years old were participated. Along with medication characteristics and demographics, data collection included information on patient behaviours, such as body posture (standing, sitting, lying), kind of liquid used (water, milk, juice), volume of liquid administered, and ease of swallowing. The data was summarised using descriptive statistics and the relationships between swallowing ease and administration procedures were evaluated using chi-square tests. Results Our result showed that partisans’ average volume size to administered medicine (108 mL) was smaller than advised in regulation. Nearly all participants (97.7%) preferred water for taking their medication. Participant who sat or stood up straight swallowed their tablet or capsule with ease, while 81.6 percent swallowed it entire i.e. no splitting and 58.4 percent did so without any problems. Statistical analysis (P<0.05) confirmed that the good posture and adequate hydration are necessary for making tablets or capsules pleasant, easier to swallow and more comfortable. Conclusion Habits (body posture and liquid choice) are influence the efficiency and comfort of oral administration with a gap between volume recommended and real world practice, more interestingly vary from person to person. Providing education to improve administration techniques like posture and consuming enough fluid may ease swallowing and enhance overall therapeutic outcome.
Gupta Meet S., Patel Diya B., Patel Vishwa P., Bhatt Sandipkumar P*., Patel Rohitkumar R.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gupta Meet S., Patel Diya B., Patel Vishwa P., Bhatt Sandipkumar P*., Patel Rohitkumar R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MOLECULAR AND METABOLIC DETERMINANTS OF AGEING: PATHWAYS, PHENOTYPES, AND INTERVENTIONS
Background: Ageing is a universal biological process marked by a gradual, time-dependent decline in physiological functions and a higher risk of disease and death. Although multicellular organisms have mechanisms to detect and repair molecular and cellular damage, their functional capacity consistently decreases with age. This paradox has spurred extensive research. Objective: The main theories of ageing, including genetic/programmed and random wear-and-tear processes, along with cellular mechanisms of senescence, are explored. Key findings: Disruptions in insulin signalling are associated with multiple age-related phenotypic changes, including insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and chronic inflammation. These alterations contribute to the development of major diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Both non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., calorie restriction and exercise) and pharmacological strategies targeting AMPK activation, adipocyte function, and nutrient absorption demonstrate potential in modulating ageing and extending lifespan. Conclusion: Ageing is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Targeting key metabolic pathways offers promising avenues for promoting healthy ageing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kanaki Niranjan*, Movaliya Vinit (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM AND HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE CO-SUPPLEMENTATION WITH HIGH FAT DIET IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT IN OBESITY IN RATS
Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of Magnesium and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) co-supplementation along with a high-fat diet (HFD) on metabolic parameters associated with obesity. Materials and Methods: Male Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups each containing 6 animals. All the animals except normal control group I were fed a high-fat diet for 84 days. All the treatment groups received treatment from day 1 itself. Group III was given Magnesium gluconate (containing 58.33 mg elemental magnesium/kg, p.o) along with HFD for 84 days. Group IV was fed with 8% HPMC mixed with HFD for 84 days. Group V was given Magnesium gluconate (containing 58.33 mg elemental magnesium/kg, p.o) + 8% HPMC (mixed with HFD) for 84 days. During the experiment, food intake and were measured weekly and BMI was measured on day 0 and 84. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and magnesium levels were measured at days 0, 42, and 84. Fecal stool analysis was done on days 83 and 84, while fat mass was measured at the end of the study. Results: Co-supplementation of Magnesium and HPMC with HFD significantly reduced body weight, BMI, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and fat mass, with a significant decrease in food intake. Moreover, a significant increase in the fecal excretion of total bile acids and fatty acids was observed. Conclusion: The above results suggest that co-supplementation of Magnesium and HPMC not only reduces body weight but also normalizes the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and possesses potential fat-reducing and lipid-lowering effects.
Mansuri Javid*, Patel Khusi, Shah Palak, Makwana Payal
Copyright (c) 2026 Mansuri Javid*, Patel Khusi, Shah Palak, Makwana Payal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KETOCONAZOLE ANTIFUNGAL CREAM
Objective: Aim of the present work was formulation development and characterization of antifungal cream formulation for topical delivery of Ketoconazole in seborrheic dermatitis. Ketoconazole is a potent antifungal, BCS class II drug showing high permeability and low solubility and can be delivered topically via skin if formulated in a cream formulation with improved physicochemical characteristics, drug release behaviour, and antifungal efficacy. Methods: Preformulation studies including solubility, melting point, and drug–excipient compatibility studies were performed to assess the suitability of ketoconazole for formulation development. Then six batches (K1–K6) were formulated using the emulsification method and optimized by characterization of their physicochemical characteristics i.e., pH, spreadability, extrudability, rheological profile, content uniformity, and physical appearance. The optimized formulation was further compared for invitro drug release profile with marketed cream formulation and evaluated for antifungal efficacy study and stability study for one month as per ICH guidelines. Results and Discussion: The solubility study revealed higher solubility of ketoconazole in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol compared to aqueous media, while FT-IR analysis confirmed the absence of significant interaction between the drug and selected excipients. All the formulations batches exhibited acceptable characteristics with skin-compatible pH and good homogeneity. Among the prepared formulations, batch K4 demonstrated optimal performance with suitable viscosity, excellent spreadability and extrudability, and the highest drug content (93.50 ± 1.5%). The in-vitro drug release study using Franz diffusion cell indicated that the optimized formulation (K4) showed 97.4% drug release within 5 hours, which was comparable to the marketed ketoconazole cream. Furthermore, antifungal efficacy testing against Candida albicans demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 12 ± 0.5 mm, slightly higher than the marketed formulation (11 ± 0.5 mm). Stability studies confirmed that the optimized formulation remained stable without significant changes in physicochemical parameters during storage. Conclusion: Overall, the developed ketoconazole cream formulation exhibited satisfactory physicochemical properties, effective drug release, significant antifungal activity, and promising stability, indicating its potential as an effective topical antifungal preparation comparable to marketed formulations.
Kamakshi D. Shastri, Aarti Kushwaha, Hitesh D Dodiya, *Divyesh H Shastri
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamakshi D. Shastri, Aarti Kushwaha, Hitesh D Dodiya, *Divyesh H Shastri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF DIABETES PATIENTS: A SURVEY BASED, PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Background: Diabetes is metabolic disease associated with major complications like cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and other autonomic neuropathy. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of diabetic patients in real world is important to assess because the extent of KAP will lead to enhanced outcomes in diabetic control and further prevents the development of disease associated complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge of diabetes patients regarding disease and medications. Another objective was to assess the attitude and practice of diabetes patients regarding medication adherence, lifestyle modification and monitoring disease. Methodology: A prospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted in 500 diabetic patients during OPD visit at hospitals. Diabetic patients were enrolled. Demographic data, educational status, medication history and medical history were recorded. KAP data were collected according to the Google form. Results: Out of 500 diabetic patients, 347 (69.4 %) were males and 153 (30.6%) were females. The age range of 51 to 60 year had highest number of patients. Majority of diabetes patients had medical history of 2-5 years followed by 5-10 years. More than 73 % of patients showed positive family history of diabetes from father side followed by mother side. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity followed by obesity and others (more than 50 %) of patients. Most common prescribed medicine was metformin. Out of 3 components of KAP, the higher % of patients with highest score were in Attitude category (56 %) followed by knowledge category (5.4 %) and least patients with higher score were in Practice category (2 %). Conclusion: It can be concluded that actual practices amongst diabetic patients regarding their medication adherences and disease monitoring is poor. Patients had higher score in attitude but implementing them into practice was difficult.
Shah Palak A*, Patel Vinisha N, Mansuri Javid M, Makwana Payal S, Chaudhary Jinal L
Copyright (c) 2025 Shah Palak A*, Patel Vinisha N, Mansuri Javid M, Makwana Payal S, Chaudhary Jinal L (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR AND LAMIVUDINE IN FIXED‑DOSE COMBINATION FORMULATIONS: A CRITICAL REVIEW
The fixed‑dose combination of dolutegravir (DTG) and lamivudine (3TC) requires robust and reproducible analytical methods for analysis and stability testing. This review aims recent literature on simultaneous assay methods, with emphasis on stability‑indicating reversed‑phase liquid chromatography (HPLC/UHPLC/UPLC) and also summarizing spectrophotometric and HPTLC alternatives. A comparative table summarizes chromatographic conditions, validation parameters and practical considerations. We discuss method strengths, limitations, and recommend priorities for impurity profiling and greener workflows.
Copyright (c) 2025 Purohit Priti*, Patel Mitansia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EVALUATION OF IRON SUPPLEMENT PRESCRIBING PRACTICES IN ANEMIC PATIENTS: A STUDY OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN GANDHINAGAR DISTRICT
Background: Anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are major global health concerns, particularly in developing nations like India, largely due to inadequate dietary intake and impaired iron absorption. Objective: This prospective, observational study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns for iron supplements using WHO indicators and identify factors influencing supplement selection and side effect management. Methods: Conducted over six months in four community pharmacies in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, the study followed 139 anemic patients. WHO prescribing indicators were applied, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients had mild to moderate anemia. Analysis of 350 prescribed drugs revealed an average of 2.5 drugs per prescription, indicating over-prescription. Only 2.5% of drugs were prescribed generically, showing poor adherence to WHO standards. Injectables comprised 9% of prescriptions, while orals were most common. Only 9% of drugs were from the national essential medicines list. Supplement choice (ferrous fumarate, ferrous ascorbate) correlated with patient age and sex. Three patients reported side effects: nausea (ferric carboxy maltose), dark stools and nausea (ferrous ascorbate), and constipation (ferrous fumarate). Conclusion: While iron supplementation is common, the study highlights a significant need for improved adherence to WHO prescribing norms and more rational drug use practices in community pharmacy settings.
Akash Mathuria*, Sandipkumar Bhatt, Aayushi Soni, Prarthna Christian
Copyright (c) 2025 Akash Mathuria*, Sandipkumar Bhatt, Aayushi Soni, Prarthna Christian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL OLEO-GEL SYSTEM OF CEFUROXIME AXETIL
Oleogel is a semisolid matrix that may change shape when heated or cooled. It is made of an apolar substance that comes together on its own. Within a three-dimensional network made up of several oleogelators and co-oleogelators that interact chemically or physically, the phase is contained. The simplicity of manufacture and long-term stability of oleogel-based products make them unique. Using Span 65 as the oleogelator and Tween 80 as the co-oleogelator, this study sought to create an oleogel made from sunflower oil that included the antimicrobial drug Cefuroxime axetil for use in wound healing. By varying the amounts of Span 65 and Tween 80 in each formulation, we created a number of oleogel formulations. It was shown that 16% was the critical gelator concentration (CGC) of Span 65 in sunflower oil. Cefuroxime axetil was included into the oleogel for its antibacterial properties. The prepared oleogel was assessed for organoleptic characteristics, spreadability, oil binding capacity (%OBC), gel-sol transition temperature (Tg), viscosity, and release of drugs in vitro research. The optimization of several oleogels was conducted using a 32 complete factorial design, examining the influence of Span 65, Tween 80, and oil quantity on % OBC, viscosity, gel-sol transition temperature, and release of drugs in vitro at 1 hour and 5 hours. The optimal oleogel was determined to consist of a moderate quantity of Span65, an elevated quantity of Tween80, and a fixed volume of oil (25 ml). The improved oleogel underwent antibacterial and expedited stability studies.
Neha Javia, Het Solanki, Grishma Patel, Lata Panchal*
Copyright (c) 2025 Neha Javia, Het Solanki, Grishma Patel, Lata Panchal* (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES: EVOLUTION OF VIETNAM’S REGULATIONS FOR LABELLING OF DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING GMP
To enhance drug quality, labelling transparency, and compliance with ASEAN standards, Vietnam has been continuously refining its regulatory framework under the guidance of its Ministry of Health (MOH). Circular 06/2016/TT-BYT in 2016 introduced many important changes to Vietnam drug labelling requirements, and Circular 02/2016/TT-BYT supplemented GMP standards on the packaging of medicinal products. We have reviewed these added regulatory requirements and how they differ from the existing 2008 guidelines. The study also provides execution methods to ensure easy compliance for local and foreign manufacturers, especially Indian exporters that account for a large share of pharmaceutical imports in Vietnam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patel Zuki*, Zaveri Maitreyi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CARDAMOM (ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM): PHARMACOGNOSTICAL DESCRIPTION, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL APPROACHES
This article provides an in-depth analysis of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), known as the “Queen of Spices,” is a highly valued spice with significant culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. Cardamom is widely cultivated in tropical regions, such as in India, Sri Lanka, and Guatemala, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. This review highlights the botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic potential of cardamom. Emphasis is given to its traditional and modern uses in health, culinary, and pharmaceutical domains. It is rich in essential oils, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive health-promoting properties. Furthermore, cardamom has demonstrated potential in managing metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and certain types of cancer in preclinical studies. The article also discusses cultivation practices, post-harvest processing. Despite its diverse benefits, challenges such as adulteration, sustainability in production, and the need for more clinical research remain. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into cardamom’s Pharmacognostical Description, Phytochemistry and Analytical Approaches.
Bhavita Dhru1*, Khushboo Vaghela2, Maitreyi Zaveri3
Copyright (c) 2025 Bhavita Dhru1*, Khushboo Vaghela2, Maitreyi Zaveri3 (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
CONSUMER’S MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION BEHAVIOUR IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS
Medicine administration is influenced and affected by demographic, social, and practical factors such as dosage form characteristics, swallowing difficulties, posture, and patient awareness. These behaviours directly influence adherence and therapeutic success. Therefore, this study assesses the factors influencing medicine administration behaviour and purchasing practices among residents of Gandhinagar district. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two community pharmacies of Gandhinagar district, Gujarat, India. Total of 663 participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on demographics, and medicine administration behaviours. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were applied to determine associations. Most respondents (81.6%) swallowed tablets whole, 97.7% used water, and 58.4% experienced no swallowing difficulties. However, 41.6% reported problems such as throat discomfort and choking sensation. Posture and head position were significantly associated with ease of swallowing (p < 0.05). Demographic variables including age and education level showed associations with administration practices. Medicine administration behaviour is shaped by demographic and practical factors. Patient education on correct swallowing techniques, adequate liquid intake, and safe posture may enhance adherence. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in guiding community members toward rational medicine administration.
Gupta Meet S, Patel Diya B, Patel Vishwa P, Bhatt Sandipkumar P*, Patel Rohitkumar R
Copyright (c) 2025 Gupta Meet S, Patel Diya B, Patel Vishwa P, Bhatt Sandipkumar P*, Patel Rohitkumar R (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION METHODS FOR FORCED DEGRADATION PRODUCT ANALYSIS
Putting new pharmaceutical compounds and finished pharmaceutical goods through a process of "forced degradation" involves subjecting them to more extreme conditions than "accelerated degradation." Procedures that indicate stability must be shown to be particular. It also helps in understanding the structure of the degradation products and provides insight into the paths and products of the therapeutic substance's deterioration. In order to help with the development of formulation and packaging, forced degradation studies may be used to ascertain the molecule's chemical behavior. To add insult to injury, the regulatory guidance is very nebulous and offers zero details about how forced degradation experiments should be conducted. Hence, the present trends in forced degradation research performance are the focus of this work. In order to achieve this goal, a study design is provided, the reasons of deterioration are detailed, and analytical approaches that aid in the development of stability indicating methods are detailed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mishra Shweta*, Chauhan Ashlesha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF GALLS EXTRACT MOUTHWASH
Medical plants and Herbs played great role in drug development by their sources of ingredient. They have antimicrobial and antibacterial activities which can prevent disease. By aqueous extract of Oak gall was Prepared antibacterial herbal mouth wash. The mouth wash act against the oral staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli (E. coli). for checked mouth wash’ s anti-microbial activity by agar diffusion method. From Oak gall Extract ‘s mouth wash we can made herbal formulation. Oak gall has tannin and bioactive compounds. This mouth has properties like antimicrobial, anti – inflammatory, and antioxidant there for this mouth wash used for maintain oral hygiene. This mouth wash improving oral health by reducing Plaque formation, preventing gingivitis. Safe and well – tolerated results of Gall’s extract mouthwash is Promising alternative from alternative traditional mouthwashes. For further benefits and for oral case there are need to explore research. This formulation was alcohol free and water based in mouth this mouth wash was found effective for controlling and demolishing microbial growth and pathogens. Prepared mouth wash’s Physicochemical tested which give assure that, this mouth wash has good antibacterial activity. The potential action of mouth wash in a liquid formulation.
Patel Ansh*, Chelli Israni, Zuki Patel, Bhavita Dhru, Vinit Movaliya, Maitreyi Zaveri, Niranjan Kanaki
Copyright (c) 2025 Patel Ansh, Chelli Israni, Zuki Patel, Bhavita Dhru, Vinit Movaliya, Maitreyi Zaveri, Niranjan Kanaki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE AND CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE
The combination of dextromethorphan (DXM) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) offers a robust therapeutic strategy for managing cough and allergic symptoms, grounded in their complementary pharmacological mechanisms. The objective of the present investigation was to formulate a mouth dissolving film for the drug combination. A further objective was to mask the bitter taste of the drugs. Simultaneous equation method was used for analysis of the two drugs as they show absorbance at λmax of each other. Film was formulated using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E5 as film former and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer. Face-centered factorial design was applied to optimize the amount of polymer and plasticizer so as to get high folding endurance coupled with minimum disintegration time. First order model for folding endurance and perfect quadratic model were selected for disintegration time. Mathematical models were generated for folding endurance and disintegration time. Contour plots were generated for both the response and overlayed to identify the desirable zone. Checkpoint batch was identified and the selected combination was used to prepare the film. The observed value was in agreement with the predicted value. This formulation was taken forward for taste masking using Sucralose and Aspartame. The final formulation was tested for taste masking using Brief Access Taste Aversion model which indicated better acceptance of formulation as compared to plain drug solution. The formulation was found to be stable over a period of 1 month at ambient conditions.
Goswami Manthan, Patel Rajendra, Dave Divyang, Anita Lalwani*
Copyright (c) 2025 Goswami Manthan, Patel Rajendra, Dave Divyang, Anita Lalwani* (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Anti-obesity Effect of Dextromethorphan in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats
Obesity is associated with significant comorbidities. Treatment options for obesity include only few drugs. Several hormones and receptors play key role in pathogenesis of obesity like NMDA, PPAR-gamma, leptin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and others. To check anti-obesity effect of Dextromethorphan (DXM) in high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Male Wistar albino rats (BW- 250-350 grams) were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (Normal control) was fed with standard pellets. All the remaining groups were fed with High fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. Group 2 served as HFD control. Group 3 (standard), group 4 (DXM-P) and group 5 (DXM-T) received orlistat (10 mg/kg, day 49 to 84), dextromethorphan (DXM) (15 mg/kg, day 0 to 84) and DXM (15 mg/kg, day 49 to 84) respectively. All the drugs were administered orally. Food intake (daily), water intake (daily) and body weight (weekly) were measured. Serum cholesterol (TC), Serum triglyceride (TG), HDL and LDL; OGTT, BMI, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass were measured. No significant difference was observed in food intake, BMI, TC, LDL and HDL between disease and treatment groups. BMI was significantly increased in HFD group and decreased in orlistat and DXM-P group. WAT mass and blood glucose were significantly decreased in all treatment groups as compared to HFD control. Administration of dextromethorphan in both the groups improved body weight, BMI (only DEX-P), WAT mass, glucose tolerance and serum TG. Dextromethorphan can be further studied for further development in treatment of obesity.
Shah Palak*, Paregi Kanti, Patel Nimisha, Deshpande Shrikalp
Copyright (c) 2023 Shah Palak, Paregi Kanti, Patel Nimisha, Deshpande Shrikalp (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF FEDRATINIB IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY HPLC
A simple, precise and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of fedratinib in pharmaceutical dosage Form form using C18 column Shimadzu ((250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm)) with a mobile phase of HPLC grade Phosphate Buffer, pH 5.0 and HPLC grade acetonitrile. The mobile phase was sonicated for 10 min and filtered through a 0.45µm membrane filter at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The detection was carried out at 290nm and retention time of fedratinib was found to be 2.90 min. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 25-75 µg/mL (coefficient of determination R2=0.9987) with regression equation y = 10527x - 18715. The method was validated as per ICH guidlines.
Patel Darpini*, Purohit Priti1, Doshi Sheetal2
Copyright (c) 2024 Patel Darpini, Purohit Priti, Doshi Sheetal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Physician pharmacist collaborative management: An inter-disciplinary & inter-professional patient care approach
With advancement in healthcare and pharmaceutical industry, a team based patient centered approach is must. The presence of pharmacists in the inter-professional care team imparts positive impact on patient’s recovery, healthcare cost and selection of regimens especially with chronic diseases. “Physician pharmacist collaborative management” model in primary care settings shown better efficacy with chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and asthma. A collaborative healthcare approach demands sharing of responsibility amongst individuals, quick decision making, data access rights, coordinated planning and interventions according to necessity in each clinical care cycle. The pharmacist’s as a healthcare professionals take care of safe, appropriate and cost-effective use of medications. The interdependency arises from common ground and goal in physician pharmacist collaboration is focusing a motto of “healthier patient need.” India with more than sixth of the world’s population is witnessing rapid epidemiological shift towards chronic non-communicable diseases along with socio-economic development. The National Health Policy of India aims to reduce the premature mortality from non-communicable disease by one-third by 2030. Clinical pharmacists working in clinical setups of India shown efficacy in reducing mortality, morbidity, and adverse drug events health care costs. The qualified pharmacist in collaboration with healthcare team helps in preventing disease progression and monitoring use of medication in order to ensure safe and effective drug therapy regimens. Few challenges such as Inadequate access to basic healthcare services, shortage of medical professionals, quality assurance system and health funding affect the implementation of collaborative care approach.
Physician pharmacist collaborative management
Copyright (c) 2024 Patel Chintankumar, Bhatt Sandipkumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MINI-REVIEW ON ANTI-BREAST CANCER SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS
The most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second largest cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer (BrCa). There have been alarming rises in BrCa therapy requests. For the treatment and prevention of BrCa, scientists are turning to agents with more efficacies, such as synthetic compounds, as the majority of chemotherapeutic medicines are linked to drug resistance, cancer relapse, and adverse effects. Selected simple synthetic compounds inhibit metastasis and stimulate apoptosis, slowing the spread of cancer. Therefore, these compounds have the ability to inhibit BrCa advancement, thereby raising patient survival rates and lowering the number of deaths brought on by BrCa. We list chemical compounds that have been shown in numerous studies to have anti-cancer actions on BrCa cells in this review. These organic compounds stimulate cell death, limit BrCa formation, and slow the growth of cancerous cells. We draw the conclusion that, in addition to therapeutic approaches, synthetic compounds are efficient, effective, and promising agents in the development of anti-breast cancer drug.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nishith Teraiya, Tarun .M. Patel, Parashar Modh, Archita Patel, Nidhi Dave (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF KUMKUMADI OIL LOADED TOPICAL MICROEMULSION
Skin whitening is the use of substances, mixtures, or physical treatments to lighten skin color. Sometimes, the terms "lightening", "brightening", "depigmentation" and "bleaching" are also used. In such type of products skin whitening agents are widely used. The present study was conducted for preparation and evaluation of Kumkumadi oil loaded topical microemulsion for skin whitening. Microemulsions (ME) are isotropic, thermodynamically stable, transparent (or translucent) systems of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant with a droplet size usually in the range of 10-100nm.The optimum concentration of Kumkumadi oil, turmerone and surfactant PEG 200 tri isostearate were obtained using Pseudo Turnery Phase Diagram performed by design of Chemix® software. The final preparations of oil phase were prepared using mixture of Kumkumadi oil 2% v/v and Turmerone 1% v/v, PEG 200 tri isostearate 30% v/v and IPA 20% v/v and water phase consisting of water 47% v/v. The system was evaluated for Dilution Test, Dye solubility Test, Zeta potential, Globule size determination, FTIR study, Electric conductivity, Measurement of pH, Percentage transmittance, Drug precipitation assessment, Microbial limit test, Microbial bio-burden, Poly dispersity index, Stability study at room temperature for 1 Month. The optimized microemulsion having Zeta potential-19.24, Percentage transmittance-99-99.99%, PDI-0.064 and it was found that the formulation was stable for 1 month.
Swapnil Mehta, Punit Parejiya*, Het Solanki
Copyright (c) 2024 Punit Parejiya, Swapnil Mehta, Het Solanki, Hetal Patel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HERBAL ANTI-CANCER PLANTS
Herbs have been used in both the olden days and the modern time because they contained natural ingredients and had minor side effects. Antioxidant drugs or additives are so multivalent in health benefits. In normal metabolism, there occurs oxidation leading to release of free radicals causing cell damage. The cell damage can lead to the higher diseases like diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Intake of antioxidants can help in preventing these diseases through relieving oxidative stress and minimizing the damage caused to cells by free radicals, which lead to better health and well-being.We selected four plants for the present study: Brassica nigra(seeds), Mentha piperita(fresh leaves), Glycyrrhiza glabra (stem), and Cyperus rotundus(rhizome). Four independent assays were done to evaluate antioxidant activity, which consisted of two scavenging assays and two chemical assays. Ascorbic acid was the standard. Results obtained showed that Brassica nigra and Cyperus rotundus have higher antioxidant activities than the other two plants.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bhavita Dhru, Japan Thakkar, Maitreyi Zaveri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0